National archaeological museum in Palermo, Italy Persephone or "the deceased woman" holding a pomegranate. Name Etymology File:DSC00426 - Statua cineraria etrusca - Proserpina-defunta con melagrana- Foto G. In Roman mythology, she is called Proserpina, and her mother, Ceres and her father Jupiter. She may appear as a mystical divinity with a sceptre and a little box, but she was mostly represented in the process of being carried off by Hades. In Classical Greek art, Persephone is invariably portrayed robed, often carrying a sheaf of grain. To her alone were dedicated the mysteries celebrated at Athens in the month of Anthesterion. Persephone was commonly worshipped along with Demeter and with the same mysteries. The origins of her cult are uncertain, but it was based on very old agrarian cults of agricultural communities. In some versions, Persephone is the mother of Zeus's sons Dionysus, Iacchus, or Zagreus.
Persephone as a vegetation goddess and her mother Demeter were the central figures of the Eleusinian mysteries, which promised the initiated a more enjoyable prospect after death. Similar myths appear in the Orient, in the cults of male gods like Attis, Adonis, and Osiris, and in Minoan Crete. The myth of her abduction represents her function as the personification of vegetation, which shoots forth in spring and withdraws into the earth after harvest hence, she is also associated with spring as well as the fertility of vegetation. Persephone was married to Hades, the god of the underworld. Homer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic princess of the underworld, who carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead. In Greek mythology, Persephone ( / p ər ˈ s ɛ f ə n i / Greek: Περσεφόνη), also called Kore ( / ˈ k ɔər iː / "the maiden"), is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter and is the queen of the underworld.
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